Friday, October 18, 2013

Top 10 Toughest Exams in the World

Life could be so much fun without exams! Ah I see you second my thought but wait there is more, that sort of fun comes with terms and conditions read a life infested with prolonged misery spent in either other competitions or just procrastinating. An addiction seems sweet but it's the thing that we dislike become the reason for our eventual good.

We have hereby compiled the list of world's toughest entrance exams in their own category. It not only incorporates the factors like pattern of the examination or the syllabus one is required to master but a plethora of them including psychological and societal factors. Some of them are tough on individualistic ground while the expectations and hype attached to others make them so difficult.

10) Mensa

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Mensa is the society of highest IQ holders. How much percentile you require? Let's just say 98 is the minimum. With its location worldwide and headquarters in Carthorse, Lincolnshire, England; Mensa has over 110,000 highly intelligent members. It is also the only test which is not age restricted. Hence, the youngest member is mere 2 years and 5 month old with an astounding IQ of 141 and the oldest member is 102 years old.

Roland Berrill who was an Australian barrister along with a British Scientist cum lawyer, Dr. Lancelot War came up with the idea of a society made up of people who ranked high on Intelligent Quotient. In 1946 they laid the groundwork for a society which would comprise of intellectuals from over 50 countries just six decades into its formation. What started from the Lincoln College in Oxford became the beacon of identifying, encouraging and stimulating human intelligence.

9)  LNAT

AcetheLNAT_5thEd_3d_cover_2010_shrunk

LNAT or the National Admission Test for Law is an aptitude test for the main law universities in United Kingdom. Currently over 9 law universities have adopted it. Established on the leading requirement of Oxford University, LNAT was aimed at a better sorting process, as it was difficult for the law universities to choose between applicants with only slightly varied A-Level scores. The exam is not restricted primarily to U.K citizens so all applicants natural or overseas have to apply for it in order to be considered for the law universities based in United Kingdom.

This rigorous 150 minutes exam tests the applicant on the basis of reading comprehensions and logical reasoning skills. There are 10 sets in the reading portion with 2 to 5 questions per set; one includes an essay that could take up around 40 grueling minutes to attempt which is basically on open ended topics regarding societal issues especially related to student strata of the society.

8) College Scholastic Ability Test

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CSAT or College Scholastic Ability Test is also known as Suneung in South Korea. This is one of the most exhaustive standardized tests in existence. Held every year on the second Thursday of November the importance of the test is illustrated by the fact that on the test day all employees working with the South Korean Government are directed to arrive late at work so as not to cause traffic jams which might lead to any unfortunate delay of an applicant.

South Korea has the highest suicide rate in the OCED countries and quite a considerate percentage of most of the youth's suicide cases are due to despair and depression which is resultant of the disappointment in CSAT. The sincerity for the exam is such that the students start preparing for it as early as from elementary school. Since the country has highest number of post-secondary degree holders the pressure of expectations is unmatchable.

7) GRE

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GRE or The Graduate Record Examination is a standard test one is required to take for seeking a seat in many American Graduate Schools as well as other English Speaking Countries. So what makes it tougher is not just the level of difficulty of the examination but the stiff competition as well. Education Testing Service or ETS came up with it in 1949. It is a computer based examination and tests the candidates primarily on the basis of critical thinking, verbal reasoning, quantitative reasoning, and analytical writing skills. Though the importance of this examination as an admission criteria differ from institute to institute while some just consider it a mere formality others take it as an important selection basis.

The paper consists of six sections. The first is analytical writing including timed issues and argument tasks. Next five comprises of two verbal reasoning sections alone with two quantitative reasoning and one experimental or research based section. The duration for the exam is exact 225 minutes with one minutes section break and a 10 min break post third section.

6) LSAT

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LSAT or the Law School Examination test is held in United States, Canada, and Australia. This test stretches over half a day. It aims to assess the reading comprehension, logical analysis and verbal reasoning attainments of the applicant.

The representatives from Harvard and Yale Law School came together on the initiated enquiry of Frank Bowels, Admission Director of Columbia Law School to draft the pattern of LSAT exam in 1947 while the first exam was finally held in 1948. Held by the Law School Admission Council, passing this test gives the applicant an edge over his/her GPA. Although it has existed since 1948 the prevalent form however was incorporated in the year 1991. An applicant has just 3 chances in a period of 2 years to clear the exam. The test evaluates the applicant on the basis of five sections which includes multiple choice questions, aptitude test and a 30 minute writing sample.

5) IITJEE

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IIT is one of premier engineering institutes in the world, the entrance for which is the IITJEE or The Indian Institutes of Technology Joint Entrance Examination (or simply JEE). It is held in two phases; JEE main and JEE advanced. It has an admission ratio of 10,000:5,00,000 thus making it one of the toughest engineering exam in the world. Each year only 1 out of every 50 that apply makes it to IIT. In fact many students who do not get through IIT either try again or seek admission in MIT, Harvard, Princeton and Caltech some even on full scholarship. The aspirants claim that there is nothing beyond IIT.

The exam is objective and divided in two questions papers of 3 hours each. Both sections measure the skills of the candidate in Physics, Chemistry and Math as well the comprehensive, reasoning and analytical abilities. The students exacted preparing from as early as 5th grade and sacrificing on extracurricular hours with an added marathon of more than 8 hours of diligent studies as the fastest step towards the institute of one's dream.

4) CAT

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Established on the initiation of planning commission of India, the IIM or Indian Institute of Management is the premier business school of India and amongst the top 10 in the world. It offers postgraduate, doctoral and executive education programs and even the diploma and fellowship from this institute are at par with MBA and PhD respectively. There are 13 institutes and they admit students for their business administration programs on the basis of CAT or Common Admission Test.

This test scores the applicant on the basis of four skills: quantitative, data interpretation, verbal ability and logical reasoning. What makes it all the tougher is the negative marking and section-wise cutoff!  Due to the number of applicants on the rise every year the test is now held in a window of approximately three weeks in the months of October and November. The test itself is computer based and exactly 150 minutes long.

3) All Souls Prize Fellowship Exam

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All the entrance exams in the world test students and churn out geniuses but All Souls Prize Fellowship Exam test geniuses and bring out the cleverest people on earth. Only the top 500 oxford graduates who qualify with a first class honors and students from other universities with equivalent academic achievements are eligible to take this exam. The Examination fellowship is of even years each and two fellow examinations are elected each other. We'd like to underscore that although selecting none is quite rare but the college has awarded single fellowship on many occasions.

The exam is held on two days in late September and includes two examinations of three hours each day. The most noted was the cherry pie test or as the one last romantic, mystical trial aptly put by an applicant. It was the most grueling one word based essay test however it was axed in 2010 and the word for the year 2008 was 'novelty'.

2) UPSC

UPSC

Many exceptionally bright children who clear CAT post IIT-JEE choose to appear for UPSC exams as well.  And many of them who term CAT and JEE as cakewalk deem UPSC as the toughest exam they have had to face.  Recruitment to IAS or Indian Administrative Service is on the basis of an exam conducted by the Union Public Service Commission of India or UPSC. The exam is known as UPSC exam or simple 'Civils', working for the government is tantamount to any job in corporate or technological arenas.

The Exam is conducted in two phases: Preliminary – which is an objective type examination and Mains- which include a thoroughly subjective examination along with an interview. From around 3 Lakh students that apply every year only 16,000 make it to final exam and 1000 join the Indian Administrative Service. The exam is held annually, the prelim in month of March and mains in the month of December so the candidates who have cleared the objective type prelim examination have only 8 grueling months to prepare themselves for Mains and the interview.

1) National Higher Education Entrance Examination

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National Higher Education Entrance Examination is better known as 'Gaokao' and is perhaps one of the most important landmark in a Chinese teenager's life. It won't be an overstatement to say the least that one's academic future wholly depends on one's performances in 'Gaokao'. It is a pre-requisite for admission to all the higher education universities in China. The vehemency of this exam is such that 'n; of documentaries have been made on this subject recording the mental stress a teenager preparing for Gaokao has to undergo. Each year more than 7 million people apply for it in 2006; however the number easily crossed a 9.5 million mark.

Being a high-school level and pre-undergraduate level exam it encompasses all subjects. But what puts it on our list is the psychological stress that comes along with it. It is not just the students that are affected but also their teachers and parents.  Cases of suicides, nervous breakdowns and clinical depression see a jaw dropping rise during this duration.  Some parents are reported to have getting their female wards prescribe to birth control pills in order to avoid undergoing menstruation.

http://listdose.com/top-10-toughest-exams-in-the-world/ 

Thursday, October 17, 2013

Supreme Court of India allowed Reservation in jobs to persons with disability


Supreme Court directing the Centre and all state governments to provide three per cent job reservation to disabled persons in all their departments, companies and institutions.

 

The bench headed by Chief Justice P Sathasivam while clarifying that the principle of not exceeding more than 50 per cent reservation would not be applicable while granting quota for disabled persons, has directed that authorities compile the number of vacancies in all their departments to give jobs to disabled persons under the three per cent reserved quota within three months.

 

Three per cent reservations in Group 'C' & 'D' posts have been in existence since 1977, even before the Persons with Disabilities (Equal Opportunities, Protection of Rights and Full Participation) Act came into force in 1996. The Act mandates that every appropriate government shall "appoint in every establishment such percentage of vacancies not less than three per cent for persons or class of persons with disabilities……………. in posts identified for each disability".

 

However, this has been wrongly interpreted by governments to mean that these reservations are against "identified posts" only. Only around 10 per cent of the posts have been identified for employment of persons with disabilities.

 

Section 32 of the Act also mandates that governments "at periodical intervals not exceeding three years, review the list of posts identified and up-date the list taking into consideration the developments in technology".

 

However, the list of identified posts for persons with disabilities was last prepared by the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment in 2007. The fact that though more than six years have elapsed since the list was last revised, displays the utter callous and insensitive attitude of the government.

 

Unemployment among the disabled is as high as 66 per cent. Studies indicate that employment of disabled persons even in the government sector is as low as 0.5 per cent and in pubic sector industries it is 0.4 per cent only.

 

Reservation of 3% for differently abled persons should have to be computed on the basis of total vacancies in the strength of a cadre and not just on the basis of the vacancies available in the identified posts. There is no ambiguity in the language of Section 33 and from the construction of the said statutory provision only one meaning is possible. (Para 30)

 

A perusal of Section 33 of the Act reveals that this section has been divided into three parts. The first part is "every appropriate Government shall appoint in every establishment such percentage of vacancies not less than 3% for persons or class of persons with disability." It is evident from this part that it mandates every appropriate Government shall appoint a minimum of 3% vacancies in its establishments for persons with disabilities. In this light, the contention of the Union of India that reservation in terms of Section 33 has to be computed against identified posts only is not tenable by any method of interpretation of this part of the Section. (Para 31)

 

It has also been submitted on behalf of the appellants herein that since reservation of persons with disabilities in Group C and D has been in force prior to the enactment and is being made against the total number of vacancies in the cadre strength according to the OM dated 29.12.2005 but the actual import of Section 33 is that it has to be computed against identified posts only. This argument is also completely misconceived in view of the plain language of the said Section, as deliberated above. Even, for the sake of arguments, if we accept that the computation of reservation in respect of Group C and D posts is against the total vacancies in the cadre strength because of the applicability of the scheme of reservation in Group C and D posts prior to enactment, Section 33 does not distinguish the manner of computation of reservation between Group A and B posts or Group C and D posts respectively. As such, one statutory provision cannot be interpreted and applied differently for the same subject matter.The Court directed the "appropriate Government" to compute the number of vacancies available in all the "establishments" and further identify the posts for disabled persons within a period of three months from today and implement the same without default. (Para 38)

 

The court, however, have not specifically used any terms that this judgement is applicable for promotion. But the Court stated that the computation of reservation for persons with disabilities has to be computed in case of Group A, B, C and D posts in an identical manner viz., "computing 3% reservation on total number of vacancies in the cadre strength" Since the Court directed the Government to compute the number of vacancies available in all the establishments, I feel, if 3% reservation is applied only for Direct Recruitment and not for promotion where there is no mode of Direct Recruitment and only a method of filling up the post is available on promotion basis, the Government will have no option but to provide reservation in promotion also in order to achieve 3% reservation.


Source:http://www.lawyersclubindia.com/articles/Supreme-Court-of-India-allowed-Reservation-in-jobs-to-persons-with-disability-5717.asp#.Ul4uVNKmaJg


Wednesday, October 16, 2013

The Social Media, Freedom of Speech And Human Rights


This paper revolves around the role of the social media interaction in the 21st century and the human rights of the individuals. The goal of this paper is to show that social media is a useful and essential form of social interaction with no form of limitations and free from all restrictions.  As in the words of Salil Tripathi, 'The premise of the virtual world is freedom. Forward- thinking companies, governments, journalists and others with a stake in freedom of expression, as well as the human rights community, must work more effectively together to ensure that the virtual world stays ahead.' There is a current trend of the businesses and the government agencies to enable surveillance, whereby the companies are creating such tools for the government to utilize more sophisticated intrusive monitoring of the internet and the various modes of social interaction. This means that the real world is getting close to the virtual world, as such intrusion is made in an attempt to snuff out the fundamental freedoms. Instances of the encroachment of the electronic social media interaction by government officials has already started in India as had happened in the Bal Thackeray Facebook incidence, which resulted in the arrest of the two girls. Through showing that there is need for the protection of the electronic social interaction and to protect the free thoughts of the various members of the online society, regardless of their age, gender, religion or other such classification, this research highlights the importance of freedom of expression and protection of the human rights for the development of the opinions of the individuals and the protection of the post modern world.

 

Introduction

 

Social networks today hold a vast repository of the personal information and data which is stored on the World Wide Web and is open to all. Today the social media has become a part of the normal routine of daily interaction between the individuals. All such information is stored on the net in digital form. 'It falls to our national and international authorities to ensure that our individual rights to privacy and data protection are not sacrificed to social networks, but rather reinforced to recognize and meet the range of new challenges these powerful new media present.'[1]

 

The social media today provides us with many benefits as well as many disadvantages. It is an open book for all to read and learn about the various cultures, traditions and the different attitudes and personalities of the people. With this open form of discussion in the social media sites, is clubbed the right of freedom of speech and expression and the issue of the protection of these rights in the form of fundamental as well as human rights. With this new form of communication come the challenges to ensure that the internet regulations do not strangle the freedom of speech. The social media and the internet thus, has transformed into an important social and political activity.

 

There is a need to ensure better protection of personal integrity in social media, but in the same form the right to freedom of expression must not be undermined. There is a growing need to determine the area of protection of individual integrity (data protection) in the social media without undermining the right to freedom of expression.

 

'Freedom of expression and a free media are fundamental building blocks of democracy, and the gateway to the realisation of many other human rights. Freedom of expression allows space for challenge and innovation; supports transparency and deters corruption; exposes human rights violations; and ensures that people can exchange ideas and make informed decisions.'[2]

 

'Blogging[3], video-sharing and tweeting were crucial in the political events in North Africa and the Middle East in 2011. They are important to human rights defenders everywhere. But the use of these new technologies to assert old freedoms has been met with repression by some governments. A recent study of 37 countries by Freedom House[4]cites increasing website blocking and filtering, content manipulation[5], attacks on and imprisonment of bloggers, punishment of ordinary users, cyber attacks and coercion of website owners to remove content, in attempts by authoritarian states to reduce political opposition.'[6]

 

Of the various means of suppressing communication by Internet, the most extreme have involved simply cutting off all Internet access (Egypt, January 2011, and Syria at the time of writing),[7] or even creating a completely state-controlled mini-Net (apparently planned by Iran).[8]China has pressured search engines to distort search results. In several countries, bloggers and Internet activists have been subjected to threats and physical attack.

 

In India itself the government has favored the police system of control by which it has arrested the two girls in the Bal Thakeray Facebook incident[9]. In this incident Days after Bal Thackeray's demise, Shiv Sena MP Sanjay Raut on Tuesday, Nov 20, 2012 ignited controversy over Shaheen Dhada and her friend's arrest. Dhada committed the "crime" by writing on Facebook wall, "With all respect, every day, thousands of people die, but still the world moves on Just due to one politician died a natural death, everyone just goes bonkers." Dhada's friend, who has been identified as Renu, "liked" her comment and landed in the legal trouble. The two young ladies were booked under Section 295(a) of the IPC[10](Indian Penal Code) and Section 64(a) of the Information Technology Act, 2000[11]. They were later granted bail on surety of Rs 15,000 each. Shaheen Dhada, it was said, withdrew her comment and apologized.

 

Importance of freedom of speech and expression.

 

Speech is God's gift to mankind. Through speech a human being conveys his thoughts, sentiments and feeling to others. Freedom of speech and expression is thus a natural right, which a human being acquires on birth. It is, therefore, a basic right.[12]The concept of the freedom of speech and expression is very essential to the protection of the privacy, integrity and the basic needs of the people. Freedom of expression, the free flow of information, and freedom and pluralism of the media have internationally been acknowledged as human rights in the post-Second World War intergovernmental instruments: the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR, 1948)[13]and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR, 1966). In both the UDHR and the ICCPR, Article 19 makes this commitment. The people of India declared in the Preamble of the Constitution, which they gave unto themselves their resolve to secure to all the citizens liberty of thought and expression. This resolve is reflected in Article 19(1)(a) which is one of the Articles found in Part III of the Constitution, which enumerates the Fundamental Rights.

 

Measures that the States use to interfere with the human rights in reference to the social media.

 

1. Blocking.

 

The main aim of blocking is to prevent specific Internet content from reaching a final user, a common aim is blocking images of child abuse; however, this does not obliterate the images, nor remove them from the Internet.

 

Blocking is also subject to "false positives"[14]and "false negatives"[15].[16]All blocking technologies reviewed in an Open Society Institute study were flawed in terms of over- or under-blocking. Most were easy to circumvent; all could be circumvented without much effort by determined people.[17] This is good news for political activists in repressive countries, but bad news for states, officials and private entities hoping to use blocking to stop dissemination of child abuse images or hate speech.[18]

 

2.  Censureship by Pressure.

 

Government officials increasingly contact authors or websites to apply pressure for content to be removed, with threats of legal action, withdrawal of contracts or licences and outright bans. YouTube and Facebook have removed or disabled activist accounts in China, Egypt, Ethiopia, Mexico and Tunisia.[19]

 

3. Internet Surveillance

 

We may think we are free and unobserved when we surf the Internet, chat with friends, send out tweets or upload video clips from our mobile phone, but in practice all this is logged.[20]

 

In repressive countries, the purpose of identifying those trying to access banned material may be to target opposition activists. In democracies, such surveillance may easily slip from targeting actual terrorists to those sympathetic to terrorists, or simply those with "extreme" views. For many years, anti-terrorism and emergency legislation has been extended in this way.[21]

 

4. Data Retention

 

"Data retention" refers to compulsory retention by communication service providers (including internet service providers, or ISPs) of the communication records of all their clients – beyond the normal (billing) period for keeping data – "just in case" the data might be useful in some future police or secret service enquiry. This ought to be viewed as mass surveillance of citizens without due cause: a fundamental departure from a basic principle of the rule of law.

 

Application Of Human Rights On The Social Media And The Protective Measures.

 

A. International Law.

 

1.  Basic legal principles.- Rule of Law.

 

The interrelated freedoms of communication, expression and asso­ciation are at the heart of any free, democratic society based on the rule of law. From the relevant articles (8, 10, 11)[22]of the ECHR[23], the Strasbourg Court has developed standard basic tests to be applied to restrictions placed on these rights, which must:

 

· 'be based on "law", that is on legal rules that meet quality require­ments of clarity, accessibility and foresee ability;'

 

· 'serve a legitimate purpose in such a society, that is a "pressing social need";'

 

· 'be "necessary" to achieve that purpose, that is they must not be disproportionate to the purpose, nor ineffective;'

 

· 'have an "effective remedy", preferably judicial, if they do not meet these tests.'[24]

 

These standards are expressed in the case law of the Court and other international human rights bodies, such as the Human Rights Committee, which applies the provisions of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR).

 

2. The ECHR And The International Approach

 

The ECHR has two "due process" provisions. It requires:

 

·  in Article 6, that states provide a "fair trial", with many specific guarantees, to anyone whose "civil rights and obligations" are "determined" in some forum, or faces a "criminal charge";[25]

 

· in Article 13, that states provide an "effective remedy" to anyone whose ECHR rights and freedoms are violated.

 

3. The Convention on Cybercrime: weak reaffirmations of the basic principles

 

The Council of Europe Convention on Cybercrime[26], with its Additional Protocol, requires state parties to criminalize various activities in cyberspace, including "distributing, or otherwise making available, racist and xenophobic[27]material to the public through a computer system."

 

4.  The emerging Principles of Internet Governance

 

Certain principles stated by the Council of Europe Reykjavik Declaration and the Global Network Initiative (GNI) Principles, especially their emphasis on states' "positive obligations" and the responsibility of information and communication technology (ICT) companies (such as ISP[28]s and search engines), make important contributions to ensuring effective respect for the human rights of online activists (and others).

 

Recommendations of the Council of Europe's Committee of Ministers on measures to promote respect for freedom of expression and information with regard to Internet filters, and the May 2011 Report of Frank La Rue, the UN Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Opinion and Expression, on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression, focusing on trends and challenges to all individuals' right to seek, receive and impart information and ideas of all kinds through the Internet.[29]

 

5. The Reykjavik Declaration

 

In 2009 the Council of Europe Conference of Ministers responsible for Media and New Communication Services adopted the Reykjavik Declaration. The intention was to stress the need to ensure European human rights standards are upheld on the Internet.

 

The Reykjavik Declaration does not explicitly designate access to the Internet as a fundamental right, but comes close by stressing that "the notion of positive obligations developed in the case law of the European Court of Human Rights is particularly relevant in this context."[30]Also, the Committee of Ministers had already concluded that "access to and the capacity and ability to use the Internet should be regarded as indispensable for the full exercise and enjoyment of human rights and fundamental freedoms in the information society.[31]

 

6. The GNI Principles

 

The Principles on Freedom of Expression and Privacy drawn up by the GNI[32] make an important contribution by specifically including private sector entities in these obligations.

 

They include somewhat basic reaffirmations of the need for compliance on the Internet with international free expression and privacy standards, and even more basic references to the need for compliance with the rule of law in matters affecting freedom of expression on the Internet.

 

7. Child Protection.

 

The Federal Trade Commission recently proposed several updates to the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act of 1998 (COPPA).

 

COPPA currently provides that operators of websites and other online services that collect personal information online about children under 13

 

B. Indian Law.

 

1. Women and Children.

 

In India, The Women and Child Ministry is planning to make changes in the Indecent Representation of Women (Prohibition) Act, 1986 to include electronic media and internet under its purview. At present the legislation only includes depiction of women in publications, and it plans to make extensions of its applicability on both women and children (both male and female).[33]

 

2. Computer Emergency Response Team-India (CERT-IN) and Cyber Regulations Advisory Committee (CRAC)

 

On January 20, 2004, the then minister for Information technology, Arun Shourie formally inaugurated the Computer Emergency Response Team-India (CERT-IN). Sec 88, of The Information Technology Act, 2000 provides for the Constitution and the powers of the Cyber Regulations Advisory Committee (CRAC).

 

3. Constitutional provisions.

 

Every citizen of India has got a Fundamental Right to freedom of speech and expression under Article 19(1)(a) of the Constitution of India. Normally Fundamental Rights are inviolate and cannot be violated even by Government except in some circumstances. However, the Fundamental Right to Freedom of Speech and Expression is not absolute and is subject to Article 19(2) of the Constitution.

 

5.  The Information Technology Act, 2000

 

Internet intermediaries in India are required to follow certain due diligence requirements under the cyber law of India incorporated in the information technology act, 2000 (IT Act 2000). If they fail to observe such cyber due diligence, the safe harbour protection available under the IT Act 2000 is lost.[34]

 

5. Cyber laws.

 

National Cyber Security Database of India (NCSDI) is an initiative by Perry4Law Techno Legal Base (PTLB) to strengthen the Cyber Security Capabilities of India. Our aim is to constitute a Techno Legal Cyber Security Database of India.[35]

 

Conclusion.

 

Freedom of expression on the Internet is a fundamental freedom of our age. Together with Internet privacy, it is vital to our freedoms to communicate and associate, and to collectively determine how our societies should be run.[36]The government is under a duty to determine the area of investigation and control of the internet and the social media and also the level of control which has to be applied. It is the duty of the government to enforce the fundamental and the human rights without interfering with the freedom of the people to express themselves. There is  need to maintain the level of the privacy of the individuals who are blogging, video sharing, using twitter, commenting and liking various statements on the various social networking sites. Till there is no form of near and current danger to the government or other people there should be no form of interference with the freedom rights of the people in general. Every person has the right to express freely his/her emotions through the various forms of communication and such form of communication can be controlled only up to the limit where it does not interfere with the right to privacy of the individuals. Every person has an equal and protected right to express freely his/ her feelings, emotions and thoughts regarding the various issues which might be near to them. Thus this paper concludes that the social media interaction has to be controlled by the government, but such form of control should be such as would not interfere with the general and specific human and fundamental rights of the people, in specific, the right to freedom of speech and expression.


source : http://www.lawyersclubindia.com/articles/The-Social-Media-Freedom-of-Speech-And-Human-Rights-5585.asp#.Ul4usdKmaJg


Sunday, October 6, 2013

3025 vacant posts through Direct Recruitment

 

 



PUBLIC SERVICES – Recruitments – Filling of three thousand twenty five (3,025) vacant posts through Direct Recruitment – Permission to the Recruiting Agencies – Orders – Issued.

***
ORDER:
1. In the G.O. first read above the General Administration (Services-A) Department issued orders adopting an annual calendar for recruitments and prescribed a schedule for estimation and notification of vacancies for
recruitment. It was ordered that all departments should follow this schedule. In the G.O. second and fourth read above orders were issued according permission to fill (57,304) vacancies in different categories
including the categories that are classified as Group-I, Group-II and Group- IV Services, other gazetted, non-gazetted and technical categories in various departments through direct recruitment by the relevant recruiting agencies. Several secretariat departments have sent further proposals for filling vacancies in various categories meant for direct recruitment in the departments and institutions under their administrative control

2. After careful examination of the proposals of the departments and keeping in view the actual requirement with reference to the nature of work and activities of the departments and the overall financial implications, the
Government hereby accord permission to fill three thousand twenty five (3,025) vacancies in different categories including the categories that are classified as Group-I, Group-II and Group-IV Services, other gazetted, nongazetted and technical categories in various departments, through direct recruitment by the relevant recruiting agencies, as shown in the Annexure to this order.

3. Government also decided to notify the post of Junior Assistant in the Directorate of Public Libraries, in the Commissionerate of Tribal Welfare and in the Directorate of TCR&TI, by indicating the category name as
Junior Assistant – cum – Date Processing Assistant.

4. The Secretary, Andhra Pradesh Public Service Commission shall take appropriate steps for filling the above vacancies through direct recruitment by obtaining the details, such as zone/ district wise vacancy position, roster
points and qualifications, etc., from the concerned authorities in the prescribed proforma. The A.P. Public Service Commission shall issue schedule for recruitment expeditiously and issue notification accordingly.

5. All administrative departments and the Heads of Departments concerned shall furnish details of all vacant posts authorized in this order, including the zone/district wise vacancy position, roster points and qualifications, etc., to the recruiting agencies immediately.

6. For the posts authorized to be filled by the Departmental Selection Committees, the administrative departments of secretariat and the heads of departments concerned shall take necessary action for filling the respective posts duly following the Rule of Reservation, the provisions of the Presidential Order and the provisions of the Service Rules applicable to the relevant posts. They shall adopt a transparent selection procedure based on written test for the purpose. The departments shall obtain orders on the composition of the selection committee, selection process and other issues related to the recruitment process duly following the rules of business by routing the file through the Finance Department before undertaking the recruitment by the departmental selection committees. 

7. All concerned are hereby instructed to take immediate action to implement these orders.
(BY ORDER AND IN THE NAME OF THE GOVERNOR OF ANDHRA PRADESH)
Dr. D. SAMBASIVA RAO
PRINCIPAL SECRETARY TO GOVERNMENT (R&E)


Annexure to G.O.Ms.No. 262 , Finance (SMPC-I) Department, dated 30.09.2013
Details of the posts authorized for recruitment
(A)  Recruitment through Andhra Pradesh Public Service Commission
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Secretariat Department Head of the Department Category No. of Vacancies
CAF & CS Commissioner of Civil Supplies Senior Stenographer 1
General Administration Secretariat GAD Assistant Section Officer 50
Industries &Commerce Director, Handlooms & Textiles Assistant Director (H&T) 12
Law Public Prosecutor's Office, High Court of A.P., Hyderabad Junior Stenographer 2
Legislature Legislature Secretariat Additional Radio Assistant Engineer (ARAE) 1
Assistant Radio Executive Engineer (AREE) 1
Assistant Section Officer 10
Classifier 1
Legislative Officer 15
Research Assistant 1
Research Officer 11
Urdu Reporter 1
---------------------
LET & F Commissioner of Labour Assistant Commissioner of Labour 18
Industrial Tribunal-cum-Labour Court, Visakhapatnam Steno-Typist 1
------------------------
MA&UD Commissioner and Director of Municipal Administration Bill Collector 46
Revenue Officer 15
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Engineer-in-Chief, Public Health Assistant Executive Engineer/ MAE 4
Assistant Executive Engineer/ ME Grade-III 46
-------------------------
Planning Director of Economics and Statistics Junior Assistant 11
Senior Stenographer 4
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Revenue IG Registration and Stamps Sub-Registrar Grade-II 24
School Education Director of Public Libraries Junior Assistant-cum- Data Processing Assistant 3
Social Welfare Commissioner of Tribal Welfare Junior Assistant-cum- Data Processing Assistant 5
Office of the Director TCR&TI Junior Assistant-cum-Data Processing Assistant4
TOTAL 287

Annexure to G.O.Ms.No. 262 , Finance (SMPC-I) Department, dated 30.09.2013

(B) Recruitment through Departmental Selection Committee
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Secretariat Department - Head of the Department -  Category  - No. of Vacancies
Energy - CMD, APCPDCL- Assistant Engineer(Electrical)                51
Higher Education Dr.B.R. Ambedkar University, Srikakulam Assistant Professor 15
Registrar, Acharya Nagarjuna University Assistant Professor 38
Associate Professor 23
Professor 7
Registrar, Andhra University Professor 119
Assistant Professor 200
Associate Professor 128
Registrar, Sri Venkateswara University Assistant Professor 110
Associate Professor 95
Professor 63
Industries & Commerce AP Khadi and Village Industries Board (Khadi
           Gramodyoga Maha Vidyalaya, Rajendranagar) Craft Teacher 6
Lecturer 3
TR&B - VC & MD, APSRTC - Deputy Superintendent (Material) 72
Junior Assistant (F) 92
Junior Assistant (P) 89
Mechanical Supervisor Trainee 182
Traffic Supervisor Trainee 169
TOTAL 1,462


(C) Vacancies to be filled by District Selection Committee
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Secretariat Department Head of the Department Category No. of Vacancies
MA&UD   Commissioner and Director of Municipal Administration Language Pandit 198
Physical Education Teacher 34
School Assistant 126
School Assistant (Languages) 64
Secondary Grade Teacher 854
TOTAL 1,276
GRAND TOTAL 3,025




PUBLIC SERVICES – Direct Recruitment – Filling of teaching and nonteaching vacant posts in Vikrama Simhapuri University, Nellore through Direct Recruitment – Permission accord – Orders – Issued.
FINANCE (SMPC-I) DEPARTMENT 
G.O.Ms.No. 263 Dated:30.09.2013.

ORDER:
1. In the G.O. first read above the General Administration (Services-A) Department issued orders adopting an annual calendar for recruitments and prescribed a schedule for estimation and notification of vacancies for recruitment. It was ordered that all departments should follow this schedule.

2. In their U.O.Nos. second and third read above, the Higher Education (UE.I) Department has sent proposals for filling of teaching and nonteaching vacant posts in Vikrama Simhapuri University, Nellore through Direct Recruitment.

3. After careful examination of the proposals of the Higher Education (UE.I) Department and keeping in view the actual requirement with reference to the nature of work and activities of the department and the overall financial implications, the Government hereby accord permission to fill following teaching and non-teaching vacant posts in Vikrama Simhapuri University, Nellore through Direct Recruitment by the Departmental Selection Committee:

SNo. Name of the Post     No. of Vacancies
1. Professor                           3
2. Associate Professor             4
3. Assistant Professor              8
4. Asst. Administrative Officer  1
5. Junior Assistant                  2
6. Library Assistant                 1
7. Steward                             1
8. Head Cook                          1
9. Lab Assistant                      2


4. The Higher Education Department and the Registrar, Vikrama
Simhapuri University, Nellore, shall take necessary action for filling the above posts duly following the Rule of Reservation, the provisions of the Presidential Order and the provisions of the Service Rules applicable to the relevant posts. They shall adopt a transparent selection procedure based on written test for the purpose. The Higher Education (UE.I) Department shall obtain orders on the composition of the selection committee, selection
process and other issues related to the recruitment process duly following the rules of business by routing the file through the Finance Department before undertaking the recruitment by the departmental selection committee.

5. The Higher Education (UE.I) Department and the Registrar, Vikrama Simhapuri University, Nellore, shall take immediate action to implement these orders.

(BY ORDER AND IN THE NAME OF THE GOVERNOR OF ANDHRA PRADESH)
Dr. D. SAMBASIVA RAO

PRINCIPAL SECRETARY TO GOVERNMENT (R&E)
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